Peripheral artery disease and depression: Prerequisites for a lose-lose situation?

Farewell to the Lose–Lose Reality of Policing Plant Imports

In an age of free international shipments of mail-ordered seeds and plants, more policing will not stop the global migration of hitchhiking pests. The solution is in a preemptive response based on an internationally coordinated genomic deployment of global biodiversity in the largest breeding project since the "Garden of Eden." This plan will enrich the narrow genetic basis of annual and perenn...

Axons lose their identity

During development, epithelial cells need a little help fi guring out which way is up. < a d d a r t t y p e = " r e l " d o i = " 1 0. 1 0 8 3 / j c b. 2 0 0 8 0 7 1 2 1 " > Jaffe et al.< / a d d a r t > show how a polarizing protein ensures that the cells face the right direction. A newborn epithelial cell in, say, the intestinal lining will polarize so that its apical surface is oriented tow...

Hominids Lose Control

How Does a Dication Lose a Proton?

A detailed study of the mechanism by which a proton is lost from a dication reveals that such processes are more complicated than is often assumed. In many cases, a deprotonation reaction is best viewed as a two-stage process: Initially, the departing unit is better described as a hydrogen atom than as a proton and only later, at some point further along the decomposition pathway, does a sponta...

Brain aging and Alzheimer's disease; use it or lose it.

(1) Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial disease in which age and APOE-epsilon 4 are important risk factors. (2) The neuropathological hallmarks of AD, i.e. amorphous plaques, neuritic plaques (NPs), pretangles, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and cell death are not part of a single pathogenetic cascade but may occur independently. (3) In brain areas where classical AD changes, i.e. NPs and NF...